Critical Perspectives Flashcard

Critical Perspectives

Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essays

Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essays Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essay Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essay The Current Procedural Terminology ( CPT ) was developed and introduced by the American Medical Association ( AMA ) in 1966 and became its registered hallmark ( CPT ® ) . It was specifically designed for accurate coverage of medical processs and services ( CPT. 2007 ) . CPT is a cryptography system used for medical charge which is required by jurisprudence. It aimed at standardising nomenclatures to simplify medical records to assist doctors and clerks in entering medical informations. The 2nd edition of CPT. which was far more inclusive. was published in 1970. It replaced the 4-digit codifications to 5-digit codifications. The Health Care Financing Administration ( HCFA ) merged its Common Procedure Coding System ( HCPCS ) with CPT. mandating CPT to be used in treating Medicare charge in 1983 and Medicaid charge in 1986 ( Taubman. 2000 ) . The Role of AMA in Making the CPT Annual publications are prepared by the AMA to foreground the alterations in CPT that correspond to of import updates in the medical field and clinical pattern. The AMA. as the exclusive right of first publication proprietor. makes a royalty from each sale of CPT and is responsible in roll uping fees from all users. which are so used for care disbursals. extra resources. and staff support wage in heightening the CPT codifications ( Taubman. 2000 ) . Sections of the CPT Manual The 2009 CPT Manual includes codifications and coding guidelines from CPT ® Editorial Panel Experts. alterations in codification texts and guidelines. every bit good as updates in CPT ® Assistant. clinical illustrations in radiology. CPT ® Changes. color-coded symbols. crossing tabular array. E/M decision-tree procedure flow chart and clinical illustrations. comprehensive appendixes. and drumhead of add-ons. omissions and alterations made. How do CPT codifications differ from ICD-9 codifications? There may be some people inquiring how CPT codes differ from ICD-9 codifications. The CPT is used to depict medical processs and non diseases. It is the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-9 ) that is used to depict diagnosings and sort the causes of decease. morbidity records of inmates and outpatients of medical clinics and infirmaries ( Influenza. 2009 ) . References â€Å"CPT: Current Procedural Terminology† . ( 25 Jan. 2007 ) . Open Clinical. Retrieved 09 July 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. openclinical. org/medTermCPT. html â€Å"Influenza ICD-9 Codes and CPT Codes† . ( 6 May 2009 ) . Texas Department of Health Services. Retrieved 09 July 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dshs. province. Texas. us/swineflu/flu-ICD-9-CPT-Codes-v2-5-6. shtm Taubman. S. B. â€Å"The development of CPT – current procedural terminology† . Medical Laboratory Observer. FindArticles. com. Retrieved 09 July 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_10_32/ai_66498630/ .

Chick Corea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chick Corea - Essay Example Use of accompaniment developed in the jazz music such as ornaments are used, as the performer primary goal is to play a composition as it was written. Armando Anthony who was known as â€Å"Chick Corea† was a renowned jazz musician who tirelessly composed hits of the jazz fusion and pianist. (Ward, 2005 )As a member of Miles Davis band in the 60s, he was a vigorous participant in the electric jazz fusion movement. He was a collaborator with other musician as he took the chance to explore various musical styles with musicians such as the Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner, and Keith Jarrett. He developed his talent of playing the piano as he tried to explore music of his own; musicians of Jazz fusion at his young age influenced him examples of stars like Dizzy Gillespie and Horace Silver. He build his career by studying musical education in New York. He took a profound stylistic turn from Avant garde playing at a crossover jazz fusion that incorporated Latin jazz elements that build h is relations with other artist in the jazz fusion industry. As a pianist he played the tune, stated the melody, and played the tune all the way through with his long solos. His accompaniments he used to make his song appealing that made people more excited and the audience loved it as they applauded him. (Weatherford, 2008) His work was known, as musicians would sing his compositions. (Weatherford, 2008) Chick Corie started composing Piano concerts and adapted a signature piece that he performed in Spain for a full symphony orchestra. In the late 8os, Corea joined forces with other young musician such as John Patitucci who was then known as Bass this made corea realized that the use of instruments led to opening new possibilities with labels that resulted to series of tours and recordings. The... "Chick Corea" outlines creative activity of talented jazz musician Armando Anthony. He build his career by studying musical education in New York. He took a profound stylistic turn from Avant garde playing at a crossover jazz fusion that incorporated Latin jazz elements that build his relations with other artist in the jazz fusion industry. As a pianist he played the tune, stated the melody, and played the tune all the way through with his long solos. His accompaniments he used to make his song appealing that made people more excited and the audience loved it as they applauded him. (Weatherford, 2008) His work was known, as musicians would sing his compositions. (Weatherford, 2008) Chick Corie started composing Piano concerts and adapted a signature piece that he performed in Spain for a full symphony orchestra. In the late 8os, Corea joined forces with other young musician such as John Patitucci who was then known as Bass this made corea realized that the use of instruments led to opening new possibilities with labels that resulted to series of tours and recordings. The characteristics that Corea mostly used which were aspects of Jazz improvisation was to create an interesting melodic lines which were as a result of repetition in the harmonic structure this led to overlapping of the melodic and harmonic elements in his composition. Core often preferred Lydian and altered scale that added which added tension to the improvised line that he composed making them colorful to listen.

The Success of Dell's Business Innovation Model Essay

The Success of Dell's Business Innovation Model - Essay Example The company had later adopted its name from its owner. What began as a humble beginning was not confined to its small size. Over years Dell had transformed its business from a small company to one of the largest multinational companies in the whole world. It took Dell less than 30 years to transform itself under the competent leadership of Mr. Dell. The first step towards this beginning commenced when it was first decided that the company would go public. Initially 34.2 million dollars were raised from the initial public offering made by the company. The success of the company can be analyzed in retrospect. Product innovation has been one of the chief reasons by which the company has been an important reason for the success of the company. This could be understood better if one analyzes the range products that are being offered by the company. The business expanded from its initial offering of computer hardware to include a wide variety of products ranging from personal computers and storage devices to camera and printers. Dell now involves a considerable portion of IT services. Selling products produced by third party has been one of the common practices adopted by companies and Dell is no exception. The primary aim of an organization is to create value for its customers and deliver it to them at most affordable price. Business innovation is just the process by which an organization achieves this goal in the most successful manner. The idea behind any innovation is to create a unique business which enhances its value immensely and make it popular among the customers. It is believed that revamping of the business by incorporating innovative practices in it raises the value proposition of the business and propels it ahead of its competitors (Rajala, Westerlund and MÃ ¶ller, 2012). Research work of Osterwalder had identified nine different dimensions of business innovation; namely core capabilities, partner network, value configuration,

Social Problems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Problems - Research Paper Example It is estimated that more than 70000 women die each year due to post abortion complications, deaths which can be controlled through effective monitoring (Heary, 2009). Abortion occurs under two major scenarios i.e. Therapeutic abortion, which is when it is necessitated by the need to save the mother from harm, usually prescribed by a qualified medical practitioner as well as elective abortion, which is when a pregnant woman decides on her own to request for the procedure (Baumgardner, 2008). This paper is a critical evaluation of abortion as a societal dilemma. Abortion Abortion is a process, which can be dated back to more than 1000 years ago, as it is believed that the first case was documented approximately 1550 BC (Baumgardner, 2008). During this time, the practice was viewed as a normal way of birth control and even the church had not at that time deemed it as totally ungodly as it is in the present. In fact, the only restriction the church and the authorities at that time had w as only if quickening could be felt then abortion was considered as unacceptable. Quickening is a term that refers to the movements of the fetus in the uterus and which can be felt by the pregnant woman. In this context, a woman was not permitted to abort a child if quickening had already taken place. In the early US history, it was considered a normal practice to advertise abortion, before quickening, services. It may be important to note that during this time, industrial revolution had not taken place and therefore, the field of medicine had not developed enough to facilitate surgical operations. As a result, abortion was achieved through primitive means such as administration of strong herbs, performing strenuous activities such as weight lifting as well as other vigorous activities, applying pressure on the abdomen for example by lying on a hot coconut shell among others (Baumgardner, 2008). It was not until late 19th century that the legality of abortion in various states began to receive opposition from medical practitioners, civil societies, and the church among other influential groups in the society. According to Baumgardner (2008), some of these groups were motivated by the assumption that the indigenous populations would be dominated by immigrants, whose rate of child bearing was becoming higher than that of the locals. To avoid this, laws were put in place to control and reduce birth control through abortion, in order to maintain and increase their numbers. Similarly, legal health professionals wanted to drive native doctors out of business so as to protect their own business interests. Consequently, they championed for a legislation to outlaw abortion with the exception of therapeutic abortion, which requires the intervention of a qualified health practitioner. Apparently, traditional doctors and midwives were not considered to be qualified and therefore had to close down or work from the underground. It is after these developments that the issue of abortion became contentious, with women rights activists demanding the withdrawal of these legislations while others demanded the opposite (Heary, 2009). Unlike abortion in the ancient times where there was a societal consensus on its legality, the modern society is divided along numerous issues for example its morality. Ancient societies may be forgiven for they may be considered to have been living in a primitive society, which had no basic structures strong

Health and Safety in the Workplace: Importance

Health and Safety in the Workplace: Importance Introduction Human resources are one of the most important features of many businesses. A business success relies heavily on the effectiveness to which this resource is managed. Policies and practices used by the firm, set out the standards to which they seek to aspire. They are designed to govern the operation of the business; especially in todays economy where there is such a rise in service industries (Biz/ed, 2010). This topic is of importance to us because it has proven to be a neglected field in todays corporate world; especially in Grenada. In this regard, this paper seek to highlight the importance of Workplace Health and safety to the business, to develop an understanding of how its effective management can affect the performance of a business, outline how this can be effectively carried out with the interest of the company in mind. It is often said that, the health of a nation is the wealth of a nation (Fraser, 2004), the same concept applies to business. The health and safety of a companys human resource is an enormous contributor to the success of that business. Human resources account for a large proportion of many companys costs; it is the people that invariably drive a business (Biz/ed, 2010) According to the Bureau Veritas, Workplace Health and Safety refers to, the evaluation of risks relating to the health and safety of an organizations workers and others (including the public) who may be affected by its activities (Bureau Veritas, 2007). Who establish workplace health and safety? The health and safety of a workplace is established through different sources. Firstly, on a national level occupational health and safety is instituted in accordance with legal regulations that were created by legislative decisions and is enforced and monitored by agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for the U.S., and the Ministry of Labour in Grenada. OSHA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labour, has the responsibility of assuring the safety and health of Americas workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging (OSHA, n.d.). On a national and/or on a company level there are also instances of regular inspections by a safety representative. This can be self requested or legally mandated. This is done to ensure that companies follow the stipulated guidelines that are set to govern the safety and health of the workplace. Also, from a corporate standpoint, the health and safety standards of the company can be establish by the declaration of it in the Companys general worker manual and/or in the separate manual set aside for clearly laying out, the standards by which the company seek to keep its work environment and the people that use it safe and healthy. A more informal, but still an effective method is employee observation. This is simply employees reporting hazards that go unnoticed to the inspection representative and/or management. These options are in place to ensure accordance of a company to monitor and control the health and safety of the workplace, and to maintain it. In-adherence of regulations set by the above regulatory bodies can result in an employer being fined or sentenced to jail time (Cascio, 1998). Reasons for Maintaining Workplace Health and Safety There are reasons why a business should maintain a safe and healthy workplace. It purges the environment of possible risks to everyone that uses the facility. An organizations productivity is directly related to the health and safety of its workforce. Therefore, proper health and safety practices safeguard the productivity of its employees. When the workforce is unhealthy it affects productivity; quantity and quality. Proper practices maintain the health of the workers and it protects human rights; the human right to a safe and healthy environment and the human right to a safe and healthy workplace (PDHRE, n.d.) A major reason for maintaining health and safety in the workplace is that failure to do so cost too much. The consequences of not up keeping proper health and safety practices can range from having expensive monetary payouts, to death (users of the workplace). Other repercussions are Lower productivity levels sick or injured worker do not produce the same quality and quantity as do health workers. Poor quality products and services the direct relation between quality of workforce and quality of products or service they produce. High levels of complaints from customers lower quality of products or services delivered to customers would make them unhappy. Loss of customers and subsequently lower revenues if the quality of the production isnt addressed it can result in a loss in the customer base and later loss in revenues because of lower sales. Higher costs this increase in cost can come from different sources including: payment of insurance claims for damages, cost of substitution for sick or injured workers (training and wages), and benefits for sick or injured workers. Higher staff turnover as persons get sick or injured on the job they tend to leave. If the health and safety practices of the workplace are dreadful employees would not stay therefore higher turnover. Poor industrial relations poor health and safety practices would attract attention from unions who fight for the rights of employees. Thus, addressing safety and health issues in the workplace saves the employer money and adds value to the business (OSHA, n.d.). When workers remain safe and healthy, the direct cost-savings to businesses include: lower workers compensation insurance costs reduced medical expenditures smaller expenditures for return-to-work programs fewer faulty products lower costs for job accommodations for injured workers less money spent for overtime benefits Safety and health also result in substantial decreases in indirect cost (OSHA, n.d.). This is as a result of: increased productivity higher quality products increased morale better labour/management relations reduced turnover better use of human resources Employees and their families benefit from safety and health because (OSHA, n.d.): their incomes are protected; no financial shock because of illness or injury their family lives are not hampered by injury; no loss of income destabilization because of illness and injury they have less stress; because of a com Workplace health and safety extend way beyond the boundaries of the worksite. The families of workers and other users of the worksite can also be impacted by health and safety in the workplace (OSHA, n.d.). It is of a misconception that health and safety in the workplace only entails ensuring that there arent any hazards on the worksite however it should be noted that the hazard can be the employees themselves. Employees who are sick (communicable/non communicable), who have a drug or alcohol problem, who have psychological problems can also pose great threat to the health and safety of others in the workplace. Violent employees can also be classified as a hazard (Cascio, 1998). In this regard testing of the individual together with the worksite is necessary; drug and alcohol testing, psychological tests etc. Whose responsibility is it? The health and safety of a workplace should be part of the business HR strategy. It should be an initiative that is deeply rooted into the culture of a business. No one person should be responsible for it. Given this, all employees, supervisors and managers should undergo training in this area to suit their position. Managers especially should possess an attitude that support good health and safety practices because it is usually mirrored by employees; if the manager care about health and safety, the employees will do too (OSHA, n.d.). Both the employer and the employee are responsible for ensuring that the workplace is healthy and safe for all users. Employers are legally obligated to maintain and provide a working environment that is conducive for comfortable operations. They also have to provide safe systems of work and facilities that would sustain the welfare of its employees. They are also responsible for providing employees with any information, instruction, training and/or supervision that is needed to ensure that workers are safe during operations no matter the job. As a result of this responsibility to ensure employees are safe at work, an employer may institute regulations and policies that would call for the attention from and compliance of employees (Directgov, 2010). Employees are also expected to play a part in ensuring proper health and safety of the workplace. They are to make certain their own personal health and safety and that of other persons in the workplace; whether colleague, customer, supplier, etc. Importantly, workers are expected to adhere to the directions given by management to guarantee health and safety. If workers are to ignore these directives it creates a hazard in the workplace not only for themselves but also for others (Directgov, 2010). Effective management of the resource Each workplace is different and dynamic. Therefore the strategy used to effectively manage the human resource should also be different and dynamic. This strategy should include clear and concise plans for the addressing the types of accidents that and exposing the health and safety hazards that could occur at the worksite (OSHA, n.d.). An effective plan, as based upon the safety and health program management guidelines given by OSHA in January 1989 is the Four Point workplace Program. The Four Point Workplace Program as its name suggests, it is a program that contains four elements in approaching optimum effective health and safety standards. These elements Commitment and Employee Involvement The manager or management team leads the way, by setting policy, assigning and supporting responsibility, setting an example and involving employees. Worksite Analysis The worksite is continually analyzed to identify all existing and potential hazards. Hazard Prevention and Control Methods to prevent or control existing or potential hazards are put in place and maintained. Training for Employees, Supervisors and Managers Managers, supervisors and employees are trained to understand and deal with worksite hazards. Conclusion: The success of a business rests to a large degree on the quality of the workforce successful management of this crucial resource is critical (Biz/ed, 2010) The Employer has a responsibility to ensure that his/her employees are safe at work, and so may institute regulations and policies to ensure this. It is now the responsibility of the employee to make certain that they follow these rules. As an employee, one has rights and responsibilities for their own wellbeing and that of their colleagues and by extension the public (customers) (OSHA, n.d.). The key to the success of a safety and health plan is to see it as a part of the business operation and to see it reflected in the day-to-day operations.ÂÂ  As the implemented plan is incorporated into the business culture, health and safety consciousness will become engrained into the psyche of everyone. (OSHA, n.d.). Protecting people on the job is in everyones best interest our economy, our communities, our fellow workers and our families. Safety and health add value to businesses, workplaces and lives (OSHA, n.d.).

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge :: Essays Papers

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge The concept of ‘knowledge’ is infinitely broad, but there do exist three subcategories in which a majority of knowledge is encompassed. The knowledge contained within each category carries with it different characteristics, different applications, and certainly varying amounts of weight from the perspective of any individual. The three categories are religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge. Many questions arise when examining this system of partition. Should knowledge from one category be trusted over knowledge from another? Is one type of knowledge more easily verified than a different type? What exactly are all the differences between religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge? Reasonable answers to all these questions could not responsibly be answered in this, or any single paper, however, there is one question that can be answered to a reasonable degree of certainty. Which type of knowledge is the most applicable to the real world ? Despite the mass appeal of religious knowledge and the arguable purity of mathematical knowledge, it is the tangible scientific knowledge that is most useful and most applicable to the real world. In order to justify this, it is necessary to present at least a brief investigation into each type of knowledge, noting its origin, appeal, and other unique characteristics. We begin with religious knowledge. 86% percent of people in the world categorize themselves as religious1. This must imply that a very large proportion of the world’s population puts at least some trust in religious knowledge. The problem with discussing religious knowledge is that it is based completely on faith. There is no accepted â€Å"proof† of the existence of a god or gods, so when an individual chooses to believe in a higher power, he or she does so by possessing faith in the truthfulness and accuracy of the religious texts and/or oral tradition associated with that religion. Many religious people, especially those deeply religious, consider the existence of god simply as a given in life. â€Å"What truth so obvious, so certain, as the being of a God, which the most ignorant ages have acknowledged†¦what truth so important as this, which is the ground of all our hopes, the surest foundation of morality, the firmest support of society, and the only principle which ought never to be a moment absent from our thoughts and meditations.